https://www.theroncarmichael.com/astroblog daily 0.75 2018-06-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494613325836-NLDXC89YK3M5YS5EAOZM/M31_RGB.jpg AstroBlog https://www.theroncarmichael.com/astroblog/2018/6/7/pbs-nova-appearance monthly 0.5 2018-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1531154750643-IY3KBTLV799N6H0TVO3T/nova_pbs.png AstroBlog - PBS NOVA appearance My "thoughtful exoplanet finding" look, featuring: more hair than I currently have. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/astroblog/2018/2/7/kitt-peak-national-observatory monthly 0.5 2018-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1531154158666-WQIBG17S94RJEY011QJ5/IMG_1741.JPG AstroBlog - Kitt Peak National Observatory https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1531154156153-0MKZD9E8KL7SE7YP7OP9/IMG_1689.JPG AstroBlog - Kitt Peak National Observatory https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1531154155926-C29ZDQSQII2JE7FKYWWP/IMG_1684.JPG AstroBlog - Kitt Peak National Observatory https://www.theroncarmichael.com/astroblog/2017/8/15/cleaning-the-clay-telescopes-mirror-after-10-years-of-use monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1504189927840-CMZ3EFINM3TQP7PRT9OG/image-asset.jpeg AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror A before and after shot of the Clay Telescope's mirror. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502810109053-3PS3XJER5WFC7U16AD9T/IMG_1360.JPG AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502810109097-4WZ9TCFY5O23RFL1Y3AA/IMG_1361.JPG AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502810112695-RY19O88KAU2KATOM0YOR/IMG_1363.JPG AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502810116616-VP5FI0V6JZE2PYV1XGTW/IMG_1364.JPG AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502810116508-0CETE8JVJ95BK8FCA3G6/IMG_1371.JPG AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502810271140-4YOGSO0U6MKI6HNM37HU/20170814_161749.jpg AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502810123184-4K06FIQHKWDZ0VD19Q9Z/IMG_1376.JPG AstroBlog - Cleaning the Clay Telescope's mirror https://www.theroncarmichael.com/astroblog/2017/7/31/another-night-at-the-clay monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502117297163-0TQ4MOZ32TWQ6NGYLFO9/image-asset.jpeg AstroBlog - Another night at the Clay This is the moon as seen through the 40mm eyepiece. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1501602876751-J4GWN35HMIREDUGQ0319/saturn_RGB.jpg AstroBlog - Another night at the Clay https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1501602876705-OEBIHYSJF6AA2G9VVICZ/m13_RGB.jpg AstroBlog - Another night at the Clay https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1501602876440-YTMUTBCLDJMNUXL0CDR5/moon2.jpg AstroBlog - Another night at the Clay https://www.theroncarmichael.com/astroblog/2017/5/12/the-clay-telescope monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612792515-0UJU8SUTDXN5171M2P8N/IMG_0800.jpg AstroBlog - The Clay Telescope https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612794584-MBKQLJX90ZQ1O8R6BFSH/IMG_0798.jpg AstroBlog - The Clay Telescope https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612849291-7ERZHRDBCH3WT97V8BXY/image-asset.jpeg AstroBlog - The Clay Telescope This picture was made using 3 separate images taken in red, green, and blue filters. The filters only let in one color of light and each image is then assigned a color (scaled from 0 to 255 with RGB sliders). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612904813-1Q2H62669X8XTWWMAA24/image-asset.jpeg AstroBlog - The Clay Telescope A close up of the moon. The moon is so bright that this image was taken with a 0.1 second exposure. We also used the ultraviolet light filter to only allow UV light in since the moon does not shine as brightly in that light as it does in other colors. I eventually had this printed onto a mousepad. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612873263-F9MQ3PTHFEULQ8SJO53O/image-asset.jpeg AstroBlog - The Clay Telescope Andromeda is in the top right corner of this image. I'm not really sure why we chose it to be there. Maybe it was a late-night attempt to make an aesthetic statement. Or maybe it was because it was late at night and we didn't want to center the telescope. Hmm. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/astroblog/2017/5/12/astronaut-jeff-hoffman-and-professor-stephen-hawking monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612584549-54ABI8YIAJAVYWQU3AD6/image-asset.jpeg AstroBlog - Astronaut Jeff Hoffman and Professor Stephen Hawking One blurry photo (we weren't allowed to take them during the talk; here's an article with a better professional one) showing Stephen Hawking and the mural, painted by another astronomer, that now resides at the Black Hole Initiative building. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612699444-S1JX9L0JV8PN5G6BHKHW/image-asset.jpeg AstroBlog - Astronaut Jeff Hoffman and Professor Stephen Hawking https://www.theroncarmichael.com/baking daily 0.75 2017-08-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1495742680791-1EFPCU15TNB1QZYJP8F2/Macarons.jpg Baking https://www.theroncarmichael.com/baking/2017/8/1/more-macaron-practice monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1501602738750-KEJ1NS70ZI1TN9Y9CMLV/image-asset.jpeg Baking - More macaron practice https://www.theroncarmichael.com/baking/2017/5/12/hr-diagram-french-macarons monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611267624-AJ8ZHGA7WQ7J831DR9BW/IMG_0640.jpg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611267347-3LBSOZ5YW7JZHG76ENEG/IMG_0642.jpg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611198088-C06FOSJL28VG7TVUSI3S/image-asset.jpeg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons These are aged egg whites whipped into a meringue and dyed red with gel based food dye. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611132897-IW0YJ8W8YVIAL5CN700D/image-asset.jpeg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons This is a color-magnitude diagram I made for Science Buddies a couple years ago. It is essentially the same as an HR diagram where each point is a star and as a population, we can see the star's luminosity (G magnitude here) change with its temperature (color here).The European Southern Observatory has a prettier version of this. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611467874-FC5AOUGLIJD1JE860O7O/image-asset.jpeg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611395623-Q8L6MSLTSH0E7Z6WDJ24/IMG_0649.jpg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611395575-DOVE7TMX1Z6S94VWM6W3/IMG_0653.jpg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611314219-1VKJAJN4RGP3UWSHTH3W/IMG_0645.jpg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611314266-YDKA7UZ9YL3JCHZN3RUK/IMG_0646.jpg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611315307-YI0B6XS68TM9LBYHU36J/IMG_0648.jpg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611443710-7H12J9O4QWP2XQZ992S3/image-asset.jpeg Baking - HR Diagram French Macarons https://www.theroncarmichael.com/baking/2017/5/12/stellar-nebula-cake monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610804590-06SPJVN7RW33OFV52LCD/image-asset.jpeg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610976660-6ZTBOFKAAVK9XRS398SC/Cut.jpg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610976143-7PD0XE02YGQXXF0UM3XQ/Slice.jpg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610883790-FK5YB9A8I3I6UYA60XIU/Dye.jpg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610883575-N22C3QRAQ992WWDXU3PQ/Piping.jpg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610933723-NZW0D0WKPQJLEK4HL77V/image-asset.jpeg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610753599-B1PDRDFRBNWTNI120UIP/image-asset.jpeg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610831268-716A5K58KEQJOXL7LDYI/image-asset.jpeg Baking - Stellar Nebula Cake https://www.theroncarmichael.com/baking/2017/5/12/cosmic-macarons monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610309992-NW5PC6GVBCKV88H7QNLH/IMG_0375.jpg Baking - Cosmic Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610447398-9SPXIESSGNYCNRPI0DYK/IMG_0381.jpg Baking - Cosmic Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610447591-8SONUVBIS7ORV0HT6NFH/IMG_0382.jpg Baking - Cosmic Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610464614-BMXE7QQ81LET16H4V9IZ/IMG_0380.jpg Baking - Cosmic Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610388294-LTWLNPCIJTO50OG9CAV0/IMG_0376.jpg Baking - Cosmic Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610518633-LLJ22JBE5TJ316AXG0U9/image-asset.jpeg Baking - Cosmic Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610384333-6ZY5H1W135BEEUL8LVRY/IMG_0374.jpg Baking - Cosmic Macarons https://www.theroncarmichael.com/baking/2017/5/12/sponge-cake-and-french-macarons monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610145734-MF6CYE454QFYZIEFJ0G0/image-asset.jpeg Baking - Sponge Cake and French Macarons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494610099214-4KEJ3A2PL8E11OASPBQ2/image-asset.jpeg Baking - Sponge Cake and French Macarons https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running daily 0.75 2018-06-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1495742404888-YJH3U14OZZIKM85KHAIU/IMG_1224.JPG Running https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running/2018/6/7/ragnar-relay-to-cape-cod monthly 0.5 2018-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1531152796794-QW5E510ZN7G22NV2RNMF/IMG-1914.JPG Running - Ragnar relay to Cape Cod https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1531152796831-8888FSI1O0GUWXWEDJ7Z/IMG-1915.JPG Running - Ragnar relay to Cape Cod https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1531152797464-OC7QGLO9PV1B1CJ8XTWR/IMG-1916.JPG Running - Ragnar relay to Cape Cod https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running/2017/12/22/baystate-marathon-and-the-assault-on-mt-hood monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1513986402519-N8FUCZGTLVF7CQNHOVF5/aomh.jpg Running - Baystate marathon and the Assault on Mt. Hood https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1513986440420-N6XQPD81KG0OCHWU1EG3/aomh2.jpg Running - Baystate marathon and the Assault on Mt. Hood https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running/2017/8/1/race-updates-and-marathon-training monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1504188904596-0QSNTUSPB9INCHFSURQI/image-asset.jpeg Running - Race updates and marathon training After the 26 x 1 mile relay. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1502809749134-Z3H1J4VDF6TKCYSTYZZJ/image-asset.jpeg Running - Race updates and marathon training The 5K finished at the Triple Threat race in Rockport, MA. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running/2017/5/25/marthaa-vineyard-marathon monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1495740457115-0L3QNBQDQ3R025OFKSNA/IMG_1219.jpg Running - Martha's Vineyard marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1495740216891-9IP8CVU1GMNJ1UVO7DX4/IMG_1215.jpg Running - Martha's Vineyard marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1495740216610-HAQFYMCGPO5GFSJQ2AJX/IMG_1216.jpg Running - Martha's Vineyard marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1496180198942-DM3Q2TMR33TOH2G82U4Y/IMG_1213.JPG Running - Martha's Vineyard marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1496180212743-OH1YCFA8ZOHNNZYYM95D/IMG_1212.jpg Running - Martha's Vineyard marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1495739720699-I1EAYHAS03FTKSCSZ5YA/image-asset.jpeg Running - Martha's Vineyard marathon https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running/2017/5/12/marathon-splits-vs-radial-velocity-signal-of-an-exoplanet monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612160484-CZ6F6YLNOS3ZOOQ6F2QC/image-asset.png Running - Marathon splits vs. Radial velocity signal of an exoplanet Yes, I stopped after 5K into the race to use a porta-potty and yes, there was a man standing in front of his home blasting Star Wars music during mile 14. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running/2017/5/12/the-2016-clarence-demar-marathon monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612086381-VB9AQ2OG7QI5P4NTMN9N/image-asset.png Running - The 2016 Clarence DeMar Marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611963809-J9LF1EG2K031BAEW3ENC/image-asset.png Running - The 2016 Clarence DeMar Marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612006000-R1FI6VH95E0546RQQLPK/IMG_0625.jpg Running - The 2016 Clarence DeMar Marathon https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494612006353-SVTIGAAI0CA3GR58S6IQ/IMG_0795.jpg Running - The 2016 Clarence DeMar Marathon https://www.theroncarmichael.com/running/2017/5/12/maintaining-mileage-with-some-thermodynamics monthly 0.5 2017-12-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611842580-YRWA7BBONZFZ0E4E911B/running1.png Running - Maintaining Mileage with some Thermodynamics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611842657-Z7DUKZZVGF5CVJ1Z83Q1/running2.png Running - Maintaining Mileage with some Thermodynamics https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494611754418-90BHMDSKAV127UX5PXRM/image-asset.png Running - Maintaining Mileage with some Thermodynamics https://www.theroncarmichael.com/contact daily 0.75 2015-02-17 https://www.theroncarmichael.com/welcome daily 1.0 2024-04-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1634573891644-Y1OZ10312NEY4M8G9R0F/fireman.jpg Cosmic Cookery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1494613498231-C4W1DZTJ8PG788WM15Y8/moon.jpg Cosmic Cookery https://www.theroncarmichael.com/outreach daily 0.75 2020-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1501517913407-PA5PMHK4WT3U2HJ3Z7KV/Ring_RGB_.jpg Outreach https://www.theroncarmichael.com/research daily 0.75 2025-11-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1495744265610-R6B3R3UAKNAYC6YYAGJ3/MgLines_order7_blue.png Research https://www.theroncarmichael.com/debugging daily 0.75 2017-08-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1501869139196-1BK9YOVZ80Q9IXKPI6T2/image-asset.png Debugging Sample extractions of spectra from HIRES. The different colors represent different widths of integration along the same order in four instances. If the width is too narrow, a sawtooth pattern emerges. Notice the blaze function has not been removed from these samples. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/echelle-spectra-reduction daily 0.75 2018-06-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313369101-EXWGQI20VGDRGB9DHOL1/flat_1d+copy.png Echelle Spectra Reduction Like the spectrum of the star above, the flat field image may have a cross section of it plotted in 1D. This is useful in some echelle instruments to quantify the variations in pixel sensitivity. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313176684-AZ0EMECDRWD4X9A2AL47/raw_echelle_scattered_light.jpeg Echelle Spectra Reduction The region highlighted here is one that contains a noticeable amount of scattered light. Though not typically a major problem for high signal-to-noise spectra, scattered light may need to be removed from noisier spectra as it can wash out the echelle orders entirely. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313715334-MM1KP9KH5SNPVNZGRKUC/rv.png Echelle Spectra Reduction A comparison of HD 9407 to the solar spectrum around one of the magnesium triplet absorption features. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313391716-P91CWEHU7O81XODF7M7R/flat_1d_zoom+copy.png Echelle Spectra Reduction A vertical cross-section of a flat image taken by HIRES. The orange indicates raw counts and the white dashed line is the median-smooth filter of the counts. This smoothing removes sharp features and provides a comparison to the raw counts to allow the sensitivity of each pixel to light to be measured. By dividing the counts by the median-smooth, each pixel has a value of approximately 1 count and any deviation from 1 count thus quantifies that pixel's sensitivity. This resulting median-normalized image is divided out from the science images. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313643038-82VRDL9CJKQVSDA0A1TW/spectrum_rough_normal.png Echelle Spectra Reduction A high order polynomial fit to the blaze of a flat field echelle order at best typically results in this plot. The imperfect blaze function fit results in artificial features in the normalized echelle order, which can mimic astrophysical effects. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313298387-OM2O6ALHWRW93AUK459R/raw_echelle_1d+copy.jpeg Echelle Spectra Reduction A vertical cross-section of a solar-like star taken by HIRES. Each of the sharp peaks represents an echelle order except for the peak marked by the white dashed line. This dashed line marks a cosmic ray strike. The sky background for one of the orders is highlighted with the white solid line. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313340417-GJ79YJAZIB5JGFGTV7EQ/flat.jpeg Echelle Spectra Reduction A portion of a flat image from HIRES. As above with the science image, a cross section is drawn with this image and shown below. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313420948-Z8IL3AR97IPBKJGGTOKK/echelle_order_best+copy.png Echelle Spectra Reduction A full view of the trace function of a single order from an image from MINERVA. The trace function (see below, right image) for each order is aligned with the trace functions in other images taken the simultaneously (in the same observing night). This alignment allows for a simple integration or optimal extraction over the science image, which may be a lower signal-to-noise ratio than the bright star image. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313828454-40OW68JENZJLLXWFUC4Q/raw_echelle.jpeg Echelle Spectra Reduction A portion of an echelle image of a solar-like star taken by HIRES (an echelle spectrograph installed on one of the Keck telescopes in Hawai'i). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313619341-ZHJDSINUHM5L6SR184Z0/spectrum_blazed.png Echelle Spectra Reduction An extracted order from the HIRES detector. The white is a rough blaze function polynomial that fits to the top of the data. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313241615-TDOAL5OZRFOJO0GXHNYS/raw_echelle_cross_section.jpeg Echelle Spectra Reduction The line drawn here illustrates a cross section of the image along the cross-dispersion direction. A 1D plot of the cross section is shown below. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313688835-R0K2I1WAGZ3NVYEWURHD/thar_1d+copy.png Echelle Spectra Reduction An extracted order from a Thorium-Argon (ThAr) spectrum taken by HIRES. A line list of ThAr needs to be obtained and the line centers (several labelled here), at the moment, need to be compared by hand to the line list. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313142630-MPN63SO3YOIJATPR8BTH/raw_echelle_overscan.jpeg Echelle Spectra Reduction The overscan region of the image is to the right highlighted in orange. This region is where the bias of the detector is measured and plays a similar role to a completely separate bias image that other detectors may use. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313526569-7NKUC316N34GT5MRQKAB/echelle_order_dispersion+copy.png Echelle Spectra Reduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313526602-AGXUDWBMHIN9IX6AI9RF/echelle_order_cross_dispersion+copy.png Echelle Spectra Reduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313526983-DHRCUPETYF9KTDPVVOXL/echelle_order_trace+copy.png Echelle Spectra Reduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1528313660993-VYX4YMBZX960OAM0TMQP/spectrum_normal.png Echelle Spectra Reduction An improved blaze function fit results in this plot where the location of continuum is clear and there are little to no artificial features introduced by dividing the blaze function out. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/browndwarfs daily 0.75 2023-10-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1628887813730-USRKHA8CFC575HNV54OA/brown_dwarf_banner_brother_signed.png Transiting Brown Dwarfs https://www.theroncarmichael.com/tess-brown-dwarfs daily 0.75 2023-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/b7c49d86-36e4-48a8-9954-7b0cb6a2ead9/TOI-2119b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627270796469-LOGTSUH450612XJBI03C/TOI-263b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626626196031-8ED5PD5FWI6OVGQG7DNF/TOI-587b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/998c6106-a190-44a7-a51b-8478a6d94934/HIP33609b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626628530996-6EBQPZAMBA08CT4RNSXU/TOI-1406b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626547012032-RB7Z2O81X1DOOEWD32GF/TOI-503b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627313558920-RQMADLNMM8PCPYATWY93/TOI-1406b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627271066274-318FCYMXSX5SPZJJZTMT/TOI-1278b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627270725745-RTYV36UHHVF0TDV0G3A3/TOI-148b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627313527049-MWZBY0SZ5IMEUK71DP0Z/TOI-569b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626630762556-I6YUPVWZ77E4XJEHM0RD/TOI-811b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627270930687-07C8I2I4KD2EU0BXJRO9/TOI-746b.gif TESS Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/keplerk2-brown-dwarfs daily 0.75 2023-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626631864765-7F7SLUE3KR3P4LOKQSMF/CWW89Ab.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626637778073-HFXR9FN8GZR5UQ0E4I5T/AD3116b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626641351423-VYQSZSNU0O08N23N6MV4/KOI-189b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626831609866-U6BKW5WE2327RJS2HMNX/LHS6343c.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626641495239-2036K1S71WQQSI7L3QXQ/KOI-415b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626657171116-CSLIZKFLPAUSIXHHYCTM/RIK72b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626639779601-WXVDLECLLLKFM2IZFTAN/Kepler-39b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626641407185-OF101AXZLJF71QHAEOLP/KOI-205b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626637859698-HOB1XW5XCXALCF7YZ2QN/EPIC201702477b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627313834386-RK06LT4ZR3P2H2IKRTS3/EPIC212036875b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/93b9c65d-7081-4a16-8794-cb7be6e6d4fd/Kepler-503b.gif Kepler/K2 Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/other-brown-dwarfs daily 0.75 2023-10-19 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1627270424688-RUBQY0NX9CBIGL6MEPFE/NGTS-19b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626665365829-ON552OZU61QWZMC4WUAG/CoRoT-3b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626665374115-DZYFH5BHNLR0Z0S6JSXB/CoRoT-15b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626832405264-OY9LPBHHN1JJYLVD9ZL2/NGTS-7Ab.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626831695967-CWKCZK4CYDF5G34BH61R/LP261-75b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626628090548-0AW158MUNJMF6AXHRVFW/KELT-1b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626833923732-F8RXZS0UW4FLP9E01L4O/WASP-128b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626830381058-V0QQV8B4ATKX0AEJW9HF/HATS-70b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626833105762-S5K3HM9GSRU8FCN9I1L7/NLTT41135b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626665454567-B3EP401CWWW4LLUGMYN8/CoRoT-33b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626829807031-HS6INQGWSQDWK6YEUUN0/GPX-1b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5914a4255016e1fa958e1101/1626752800248-CLDKKY4G9OMMEBU9YCHX/WASP-30b.gif Other Brown Dwarfs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://www.theroncarmichael.com/population daily 0.75 2022-11-07